My first attempt at a “live fire” simulator involved a dark indoor pistol range, a huge sheet of white paper and a slide projector. Each scenario involved a sequence of several 35mm slides projected onto the paper “target” building up to a shoot/don’t shoot decision. The officers went through individually and were expected to verbalize commands, and move to available cover items we provided. If the scenario developed into a “shoot” situation, they were expected to score hits on the bad guy(s).